What is oropharyngeal cancer?
Oropharyngeal cancer is a type of throat cancer that develops in the oropharynx, the middle part of the throat. This area includes the back of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the throat. Oropharyngeal cancer is different from oral cancer, which starts in the mouth and may have other symptoms. Early detection and treatment are important for better outcomes.
No two oropharyngeal cancers are alike. That’s why Penn Medicine doctors take time to get to know you—individualizing your care is so important to oropharyngeal cancer treatment success. We’ll answer your questions and listen to your concerns one-on-one. Specialists in our Center for Head and Neck Cancer program offer the most advanced diagnosis and treatment options across the greater Philadelphia, Lancaster, and Princeton areas. Our team of specialists—including head and neck surgeons, endocrinologists, radiologists, oncologists, and more—collaborate across disciplines to develop treatment plans tailored to each patient’s unique needs.
Types of oropharyngeal cancer
Oropharyngeal cancer can be classified into different types based on the specific cells where the cancer begins.
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of oropharyngeal cancer. It originates in the thin, flat cells that line the surface of the oropharynx. These cells can be found in areas such as the tonsils, the base of the tongue, and the soft palate.
Less common types of oropharyngeal cancer include:
- Minor salivary gland carcinoma, which forms in the small salivary glands located throughout the oropharynx
- Lymphoma, which begins in the lymphatic system near the base of the tongue and tonsils
- Melanoma, which starts on the skin or inside the nose or mouth
- Sarcoma, which develops in the connective tissues in the mouth and tongue
It’s important to note that not all oropharynx growths are cancerous. Some tumors are benign, or noncancerous. Ask your Penn Medicine care team if you have questions about the different types of oropharyngeal cancer.
Oropharyngeal cancer symptoms
Oropharyngeal cancer symptoms can vary depending on the location and stage of the cancer. Common symptoms include:
- Sore throat
- Lump in the neck or back of your throat
- Ear pain
- Hoarseness or changes to your voice
- Difficulty swallowing
- Trouble opening your mouth or moving your tongue
- Unplanned weight loss
- Mouth or tongue sores
- Coughing up blood
What causes oropharyngeal cancer?
Oropharyngeal cancer is commonly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Other risk factors, such as tobacco use and alcohol consumption, can increase the likelihood of developing the disease. It is important to understand the risks and prevention for oropharyngeal cancer to know how to protect oneself and reduce the risk of developing this condition.
Oropharyngeal cancer diagnosis at Penn Medicine
An accurate oropharyngeal cancer diagnosis from a trusted cancer specialist is essential for developing individualized treatment plans for this cancer type. Our team uses advanced diagnostic tools to improve detection and tailor treatment strategies effectively.
Oropharyngeal cancer treatment at Penn Medicine
Successfully treating oropharyngeal cancer demands specialized expertise and training. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, and other therapies. Our team of specialists stays current with the latest research to craft a treatment plan aimed at giving you the best possible results.
Exceptional oropharyngeal cancer care
Choosing Penn Medicine for oropharyngeal cancer care means partnering with a team dedicated to providing expert, compassionate, and individualized care throughout your cancer journey. You can expect:
- Specialized expertise: At Penn Medicine, oropharyngeal cancer patients are supported by a team of specialists in head and neck oncology, radiation oncology, surgery, pathology, and speech therapy. This collaborative approach ensures that every aspect of your care is managed by professionals dedicated to your well-being and treatment success.
- Dedicated nurse navigator: From your first contact with our program, our oncology nurse navigators make things convenient and easy. If you’re facing an oropharyngeal cancer diagnosis, our nurse navigator coordinates your appointments with the right providers and helps you understand what to expect and how to prepare.
- Convenient access: With multiple locations throughout the southeastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey regions, we offer accessible, world-class care close to home, so you don’t have to travel far to receive the best treatment.
Rated “exceptional” by The National Cancer Institute
Penn Medicine’s Abramson Cancer Center is a world leader in cancer research, patient care, and education. Our status as a national leader in cancer care is reflected in our continuous designation as a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) since 1973, one of 7 such centers in the United States. The ACC is also a member of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, one of a select few cancer centers in the U.S., that are working to promote equitable access to high-quality, advanced cancer care.