What is a brain tumor?
A brain tumor is an abnormal collection of cells in the brain. As the cells grow, they form a mass of cells that becomes a tumor. Not all tumors in the brain are cancerous. Some are benign brain tumors, while others are malignant brain tumors (brain cancer).
Brain tumors can begin in the brain or travel to the brain from another part of the body. A primary brain tumor starts with an abnormal brain cell and grows in the brain. A metastatic (secondary) tumor starts as a cancer in another part of the body (such as the lungs or breast) and then spreads to the brain, where it forms a new tumor. Tumors can appear on the brain itself or on the base of the skull, the sinuses, nasal cavity, pituitary gland, and other areas close enough to the brain to cause symptoms.
The Penn Medicine brain tumor team is among the most experienced in the nation. Our multidisciplinary team, including neurosurgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, imaging experts, nurses, and researchers, work together to diagnose and treat brain tumors and brain cancer. We’re dedicated to the treatment and management of all types of brain tumors and brain cancer, from the most common to the most complex cases. We use the latest minimally invasive techniques and are at the forefront of clinical research to provide our patients with the most innovative and effective treatment options possible.
Understanding different types of brain tumors
There are more than 100 different types of brain tumors, many of which are benign, though some are malignant brain tumors (brain cancer). Understanding the type of brain tumor you have helps your doctors provide the best treatment options and offer care that balances tumor removal with your comfort and quality of life.
Penn Medicine treats all types of benign brain tumors and brain cancer tumors. Our specialists will accurately diagnose your brain tumor using the most advanced techniques and treat each case with expertise and compassion.
Common brain tumor symptoms
Brain tumor symptoms vary based on their size, location, and grade (whether they’re malignant or benign). Some noncancerous brain tumors don’t have any symptoms at all. Larger tumors are more likely to impact cognition, speech, and memory because they can press on the parts of the brain that regulate these tasks.
Some of the most common brain tumor symptoms include:
- Headache and migraine
- Swelling in the brain
- Blurred vision
- Seizures or convulsions
- Trouble thinking or speaking
- Changes in behavior or personality
- Weakness, numbness, or paralysis in one isolated area of the body
- Loss of balance, dizziness, and unsteadiness
- Loss of hearing
- Trouble finding words
- Confusion and disorientation
- Memory loss
No matter what the size or location of your tumor is, or what symptoms you’re experiencing, your care team can provide relief to make you as comfortable as possible during and after your treatment.
Causes of brain tumors
It’s hard to identify the exact causes of brain tumors and brain cancer. While age, genetics, and a history of other cancers can increase the likelihood of their occurrence, these tumors affect everyone. Your care team can help you assess your risk of a brain tumor and recommend testing based on your unique symptoms, lifestyle, and health factors.
Brain tumor and brain cancer diagnosis
Brain tumors are time-sensitive conditions. A fast and accurate diagnosis helps your doctor identify what kind of brain tumor you have and the best treatment options for you.
Imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT), and biopsies are typically used when diagnosing brain tumors. Genetic testing may also be used after a biopsy to check the tumor for biomarkers commonly linked with cancer. Your doctor will consider your family history, overall health, and symptoms before recommending additional testing and treatment.
Our approach to treating brain tumors and brain cancer
Treatment for brain tumors and brain cancer depends on the tumor type, size, location, and pattern of progression. The most common treatments are surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, but each person’s treatment plan is unique.
Your care team at Penn Medicine will work with you to identify the best treatment approach based on your symptoms and individual health history. They’ll give you personalized, compassionate treatment to help you feel confident and ready to take the next steps in your care journey.
Penn Medicine’s Brain Tumor Program provides care for all types of brain tumors through clinical innovation, surgical excellence, and comprehensive support. In addition to the latest therapies and surgical techniques, patients have access to a dedicated oncology nurse navigator and other brain tumor patient support to answer their questions and coordinate every aspect of their care for a seamless and supportive treatment experience.
Rated “exceptional” by The National Cancer Institute
Penn Medicine’s Abramson Cancer Center is a world leader in cancer research, patient care, and education. Our status as a national leader in cancer care is reflected in our continuous designation as a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) since 1973, one of 7 such centers in the United States. The ACC is also a member of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, one of a select few cancer centers in the U.S., that are working to promote equitable access to high-quality, advanced cancer care.
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