A doctor holding a microplate with test tubes on a table in a lab

How discoveries become cures, in a virtuous cycle

Public investments in biomedical research have an outsized effect, driving new scientific insights, economic growth, and ultimately treatments and cures.

  • Nicole Sweeney Etter and Rachel Ewing
  • July 10, 2025

After Eduart Cuka’s glioblastoma diagnosis in October 2023, he endured an onslaught of treatments. And still, his aggressive brain tumor grew.

He knew that the average life expectancy with glioblastoma was measured in months, not years. For decades, glioblastoma has been seen as an incurable disease that almost always comes back. Yet Cuka’s faith was unshakeable.

“I’m going to beat this,” he promised his tearful wife, Juliana, when they first heard his diagnosis.

After exhausting standard treatments, the 54-year-old father of two had one option left: a clinical trial led by his oncologist, Stephen Bagley, MD, MSCE, an assistant professor of Hematology-Oncology and Neurosurgery at the Perelman School of Medicine. The Cukas learned how Penn Medicine’s Abramson Cancer Center pioneered CAR T cell therapy, which genetically modifies and multiplies a patient’s own immune cells to turn them into supercharged cancer-fighting machines. The treatment works well on some blood cancers. But how would it work on the nastiest of brain cancers? Eduart Cuka volunteered to help scientists answer that question.

In July 2024, Bagley injected 10 million CAR T cells into Eduart’s cerebrospinal fluid. The treatment reduced his tumor—a remarkable success for recurrent glioblastoma—and bought him another eight months before a scan revealed that the cancer was growing again.

Bagley recommended another CAR T infusion in March 2025, this time with a higher dose. A follow-up scan in June 2025 brought joyful news: The tumor had shrunk. Just a few days later, Eduart and Juliana were able to attend their son’s college graduation together.

“It hasn’t been an easy journey, but we couldn’t have done this without the amazing team at Penn,” said Juliana. “They really work tirelessly for their patients and on the research to find cures.”

Stephen Bagley, MD, and Eduart Cuka both smile, as Eduart shrugs, with the profile of Juliana Cuka raising her arms in cheer
Stephen Bagley, MD, and Eduart and Juliana Cuka enjoy a moment of levity celebrating the MRI showing that Eduart’s tumor had shrunk in June 2025.

The cycle from discovery to discovery, with impact 

Behind every story like the Cuka family’s is not just a team of dedicated medical professionals, but a whole system of innovation, investment, and continuous learning. Federal research funding is often one of the most powerful accelerants behind the process, which works as a virtuous cycle that propels early ideas sparked in a lab through to rigorous testing, new business development, job creation, economic activity, and in the best cases, the ultimate goal of lives saved and diseases cured.

The impact of federal research dollars 

Jonathan Epstein stands beside another researcher in his lab who is pipetting with test tubes at the lab bench
  • Research funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) played a role in more than 99 percent of the 356 new drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 2010-2019. 
  • $1 NIH funding = $2.56 in economic activity 
  • In FY2024, Pennsylvania ranked in the nation’s top 5 for NIH award totals and top 3 for related economic activity. 
  • In FY2024, NIH grants and contracts supported nearly 22,000 jobs and more than $5 billion in economic activity in Pennsylvania. 

Sources: Ekaterina Galkina Cleary, Matthew J. Jackson, Edward W. Zhou, & Fred D. Ledley, 2023; United for Medical Research 

Eduart Cuka, sitting up proud and happy in an infusion chair, with Stephen Bagley, MD, at his side, looking at him

Supporting ideas that save lives

“It is very important to support the brilliant minds of the doctors that put up these revolutionary ideas,” said Eduart Cuka, a patient in Penn Medicine’s dual-target CAR T trial for glioblastoma. “And we need to support those ideas in order to save lives and to make people feel better.” From launching breakthrough ideas to increasing access to leading-edge therapies in the clinic, philanthropic partners help make world-class cancer research and care possible.

Follow us

Subscribe

Subscribe to Penn Medicine newsletters and publications for the latest developments.