Sigmoidoscopy

A sigmoidoscopy is a test that lets a doctor look inside the lower part of your large intestine (rectum and sigmoid colon) using a thin tube called a sigmoidoscope. It helps identify causes of symptoms like bleeding, pain, or changes in bowel habits. A flexible sigmoidoscopy uses a bendable scope and is a commonly used method, while a rigid sigmoidoscopy uses a straight, non-flexible tube and is sometimes chosen for specific rectal conditions.

Penn Medicine’s gastroenterology and hepatology specialists perform a high volume of advanced endoscopic procedures, including sigmoidoscopy, using the latest technology to evaluate and treat both common and complex gastrointestinal (GI) conditions. Known for our pioneering diagnostic tools, like the endoscopic ultrasound, we offer a collaborative approach to care and exceptional capabilities to help you stay healthy.

You may be a candidate for a sigmoidoscopy procedure if you have symptoms such as rectal bleeding, chronic diarrhea, mucus in your stool, unexplained abdominal pain, or altered bowel patterns. It’s also used for follow-up after abnormal stool tests or to monitor ongoing conditions like inflammatory bowel disease. A sigmoidoscopy examines the rectum and sigmoid colon versus a colonoscopy, which examines the entire large intestine.

Your doctor typically recommends a sigmoidoscopy when:

• Symptoms appear limited to the rectum or lower colon
• Only the lower GI tract needs monitoring
• A shorter, less invasive exam is preferred
• The full colon preparation required for a colonoscopy cannot be tolerated

Preparation for a flexible sigmoidoscopy often involves following a clear-liquid diet and using one or two enemas. Rigid sigmoidoscopy preparation is usually simpler because the scope examines a shorter section of the rectum.

During the test, you’ll lie on your side while the doctor gently inserts the scope. A small amount of air may be added so the doctor can see clearly. The doctor can take biopsies (small samples of tissue) if needed. Most people feel only mild pressure or cramping. The whole procedure usually takes 10 to 20 minutes.

You can go home the same day and often return to your regular activities right away. Gas, mild cramping, or bloating can happen for a few hours. If biopsies were taken, your care team will let you know what to expect and when to call if you experience discomfort or have questions.