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Know the signs of heart disease in women

Even though it is the number one killer of women, 80 percent of heart disease is actually preventable.

  • Gurpinder K. Chatha, MD
  • January 25, 2023

Every February on Go Red for Women Day, individuals across the country wear red to raise awareness about heart disease and stroke in women and promote healthy lifestyle changes. Heart disease is the leading cause of death among women, but 80 percent of cases are preventable with knowledge and proactive action.

Despite its prevalence, many women are unaware of the risks or believe it won’t happen to them. Understanding the risk factors and symptoms unique to women is critical for prevention and early intervention.

Risk factors for heart disease in women

The fact is, everyone is at risk for heart disease, a general term that includes many types of heart problems, including heart attack and coronary artery disease (a build-up of plaque in the arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood). However, several factors increase women’s risk.

  • Menopause
  • Family history of heart disease
  • Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
  • Use of hormonal birth control (pills, patches, or vaginal rings with estrogen and progesterone)
  • Low HDL cholesterol levels
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes
  • High blood pressure
  • Overweight or obesity
  • Unhealthy diet
  • Physical inactivity
  • Stress, anxiety and depression
  • High alcohol consumption

Symptoms of heart disease and attack in women

When many people picture a heart attack, they imagine feeling severe chest pressure and crushing pain. While these classic signs are often the case in men, they are not as common in women. Women’s heart attack symptoms tend to be more subtle and come and go, making them harder to recognize. These symptoms include:

  • Heaviness or tightness in upper body
  • Shortness of breath
  • Lightheadedness
  • Unusual fatigue or weakness
  • Indigestion
  • Flu-like symptoms

Bottom line: Any new or unusual symptom should be taken seriously. If you think you are having a heart attack, call 911 right away. Women often experience more complications after heart attacks due to ignoring symptoms or delaying their care.

How to lower your risk of heart disease

Understanding risk factors and symptoms is only part of the solution. Taking proactive steps can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease and improve overall cardiovascular health.

By addressing risk factors, making informed lifestyle choices, and working closely with health-care providers, women can take control of their heart health. Preventing heart disease is possible, and understanding the steps to do so can save lives.

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