What is a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation?
A pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM), sometimes called a pulmonary AVM, is an abnormal connection between blood vessels in the lungs. Because of this connection, blood can skip the part of the lungs where it normally picks up oxygen, which means less oxygen can reach the rest of the body.
There are several types of PAVMs, based on how the blood vessels connect in the lungs. Some are simpler, while others are more complex.
While this can sound concerning, PAVM is a condition Penn Medicine knows well. Care is typically provided by a specialist team led by an interventional radiologist. As home to one of the largest interventional radiology programs in the country, Penn Medicine offers minimally invasive PAVM care to patients throughout Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
Pulmonary AVM symptoms
Some people with pulmonary arteriovenous malformation have no symptoms, while others may notice:
- Shortness of breath
- Feeling tired or weak
- Headaches or migraines
- Dizziness
- Bluish lips or fingertips
- Chest discomfort
Symptoms can vary from person to person and may become more noticeable during activity.
What causes a PAVM?
Most pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are present at birth. Many people with PAVM also have a genetic condition called hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). In some cases, PAVMs can develop later in life due to other medical conditions or injuries.
How a PAVM is diagnosed
To diagnose a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, your Penn Medicine care team will ask about your symptoms, review your medical history, and may perform a physical exam. Blood oxygen and imaging tests are then used to confirm the diagnosis.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation treatment
Some people with PAVMs may not need treatment right away but will be monitored over time. Others may need treatment depending on the size of the PAVM and whether symptoms are present.
Preventing complications with PAVM
Most PAVMs can’t be prevented, but finding and treating them early can greatly lower the risk of serious problems like stroke or infection. Ongoing follow-up care is important, and it’s helpful to let all health care providers—including dentists—know about a PAVM to support safe, coordinated care.