Skull base tumors

Skull base tumors, also known as cranial base tumors, are a diverse group of growths that develop in or around the base of the skull. The skull base or cranial base includes the area behind your eyes and nose and forms the bony ridge in the back of your head. Because this area is filled with nerves and vessels that carry information to and from the brain, skull base tumors are among the most challenging and technically demanding tumors to treat. Penn Medicine gives you access to experienced neurologists who are trained to deliver a precise diagnosis and treatment plan for your skull base tumors.

As a skull tumor grows, symptoms may appear and worsen gradually as the tumor puts pressure on nearby structures in the brain. These symptoms vary depending on the tumor's type, size, and location. Common skull base tumor symptoms include:

• Altered sense of smell
• Blurred or double vision
• Difficulty breathing
• Headaches
• Hearing loss
• Trouble swallowing

Additional symptoms may include loss of balance, nausea and vomiting, memory loss, and nose bleeds. If the tumor is not removed and continues to grow, it can interfere with nerve function or block the flow of fluid around the brain, leading to various neurological symptoms like numbness in the face or sinuses, vision problems, seizures, or changes in behavior or personality. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it's important to contact Penn Medicine as soon as possible to get an accurate diagnosis.

Skull base tumors often develop without a clear cause. However, certain factors have been associated with an increased risk of developing these tumors, including:

• Exposure to specific chemicals, such as arsenic, herbicides, and vinyl chloride, though the direct link remains unclear
• Genetic or familial predispositions
• Previous radiation therapy to the head and neck

Not everyone with these risk factors will develop skull base tumors, but awareness of these factors is important for early detection and proactive care management. If you have any risk factors, consider discussing them with your Penn Medicine doctor so you can get the appropriate screening or treatment.