Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, develops in the liver cells, an essential organ beneath the lower ribs. Aside from the skin, the liver is the largest organ. It performs various vital functions, including filtering toxins from the blood, producing bile to aid digestion, and storing nutrients and energy.

Like many cancers, liver cancer is more treatable when detected early. At Penn Medicine, our specialists, including leading liver cancer surgeons and oncology experts, respond quickly to develop a customized treatment plan for your specific needs.

Typically, there aren’t clear-cut signs of liver cancer, especially in the early stages. However, some people experience the following symptoms of liver cancer as it progresses:

• Sharp abdominal pains or a general upset stomach feeling 
• Loss of appetite 
• Unexplained weight loss 
• Fatigue 
• Bloating or swelling in the abdomen 
• Nausea or vomiting 
• Yellowing of the skin and eyes that happens when your liver doesn’t work properly, called jaundice 
• Discolored stools

Learn how to detect liver cancer through regular screenings

While several risk factors for liver cancer are known, scientists don’t fully understand how these factors lead to the disease. However, some risk factors can alter the DNA of liver cells, causing abnormal growth that can potentially result in cancer formation.

These genetic mutations can be triggered by various factors, including chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C infections, lifestyle choices, and exposure to certain toxins. Recognizing these risk factors, understanding the underlying causes, and taking preventive measures can significantly improve outcomes.

Learn about liver cancer risks and prevention

Liver cancer is diagnosed through a combination of medical history review, physical examinations, imaging tests, blood tests, and biopsy. At Penn Medicine, our specialists excel in detecting liver cancer. Through advanced testing, our doctors gain insights into how the cancer cells may affect your health, allowing us to tailor our treatment recommendations effectively.

Liver cancer treatment typically involves a combination of approaches, depending on the stage and extent of the disease. Our team of liver cancer specialists works together to create an individualized treatment plan tailored to your unique situation, aiming to achieve the best possible results.

When you partner with us, you receive innovative liver cancer treatments delivered by doctors who care about your needs. We stay in close contact with you during your treatment and ensure you can reach us at any time.

In addition, you can expect:

• World-class surgeons: Research shows experience matters when it comes to liver surgery. Penn Medicine is an ultra-high-volume center for primary and metastatic liver cancer surgeries, as well as liver transplants. This high volume translates to exceptional experience and a high degree of safety. We regularly perform advanced procedures for cases other centers consider inoperable. 
• Team approach: Our gastroenterologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and other specialists work together to create the best plan for you. We also involve hepatologists with expertise in treating chronic liver disease and cirrhosis as part of your care team. The entire team weighs in on treatment decisions, so you know you’re getting the most comprehensive care. They can also quickly adjust your treatment plan if necessary. 
• Trusted care, close to home: Our specialists treat liver cancer at locations throughout the greater Philadelphia, Lancaster, and Princeton areas. All of our specialists collaborate closely, so you get expert care without having to travel far.