Cryoneurolysis

Cryoneurolysis is a minimally invasive treatment that uses extremely cold temperatures to temporarily disrupt the function of targeted nerves. Sometimes described as freezing the nerve, these cold treatments interrupt a nerve’s ability to send signals. This can reduce pain and muscle overactivity.

This approach is commonly used for pain management to help relieve joint and nerve-related symptoms. Providers may also use it to help manage muscle stiffness or tightness (spasticity) that can make movement feel hard to control and is often linked to conditions like stroke, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injury. The effects are temporary and usually last three to six months as the nerve gradually heals.

At Penn Medicine, doctors with advanced training in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), called physiatrists, perform this procedure. They work closely with experts in neurology to fully support your treatment plan. Our team offers a range of inpatient and outpatient services focused on improving quality of life and independence, with specialists working together across the health system to deliver connected care focused on your needs.

Sometimes referred to as a cryo nerve block, cryoneurolysis targets specific nerves that send pain signals or cause muscles to tighten. During treatment, your doctor uses a small, needle-like device to apply very cold temperatures to a targeted nerve. This temporarily stops the nerve from sending signals.

As a result:

• Pain in the treated area may improve
• The muscles may feel more relaxed
• Movement and daily activities may feel more comfortable

The nerve isn’t permanently damaged, and nearby tissue is typically not affected. Over time, the nerve heals and starts working again, so the effects gradually wear off. If needed, the procedure can be safely repeated.

Cryoneurolysis may be an option if nerve-related pain or muscle tightness is affecting your comfort, movement, or day-to-day life. You might consider this approach if you:

• Have chronic pain involving a specific nerve, like joint, post-surgical, or nerve-related pain
• Have spasticity related to stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), traumatic brain injury (TBI), or spinal cord injury 
• Find that pain or stiffness is limiting your daily activities
• Haven’t had enough relief from medications, injections, or therapy alone
• Are looking for a nonsurgical option with little downtime

Cryoneurolysis is typically performed in an outpatient setting, so you can go home the same day.

During the procedure, your doctor first identifies the nerve responsible for your symptoms, often using imaging guidance like ultrasound. The area is then numbed to help keep you comfortable. Next, a small device is carefully placed near the nerve. Controlled cold is applied for a short time to interrupt nerve signaling, which may reduce pain or, in some cases, muscle overactivity.

The visit is usually brief, and most people tolerate the procedure well.

Recovery is usually quick, with little interruption to your routine. Most people return to normal activities within a day or two. You may notice less pain or muscle tightness within days to weeks, depending on the nerve treated and your condition. Your doctor may also recommend physical therapy to help you build on your results, improve movement, and support longer-term function.

Cryoneurolysis is considered safe, but like any medical procedure, it can come with risks and side effects. Most side effects are mild and temporary. They may include:

• Soreness, swelling, or bruising near the treatment area
• Numbness or tingling
• Mild discomfort as the nerve heals

Your care team will review your health history, explain risks, and answer your questions so you can feel informed and comfortable moving forward.

When nerve-related pain or muscle tightness affects your daily life, the right support can make a meaningful difference. Whether you’re exploring cryotherapy pain management or looking for relief for muscle spasticity or stiffness, Penn Medicine offers:

• Experienced providers: Experts with advanced training in cryoneurolysis and nerve-related conditions guide your care.
• Coordinated teamwork: Rehabilitation and neurology specialists work together to plan and support your treatment.
• A personalized approach: Your goals, like moving more easily or feeling more comfortable, shape each step along the way.
• Wide-ranging support: You’ll have access to therapies that help you get the most benefit.