Colonoscopy

Note: Please view these videos for information on preparation for endoscopy or GI lab procedure and consult your individual instructions provided.

What is a colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy procedure examines the lining of the rectum and colon (the large intestine) to see whether these tissues are healthy. A long, flexible tube with a camera on the end, called a colonoscope, is guided through the colon and takes photos of your colon for a doctor to examine.

Colonoscopy procedures are used to identify, biopsy, or remove any abnormalities in the colon or rectum. For example, colonoscopies can catch and remove precancerous polyps before they become cancerous. Colonoscopy is frequently used as a routine screening tool for colon cancer. It’s also used to diagnose some gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and diverticulitis.

Colonoscopies are performed by gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, or endoscopists specially trained and skilled in performing these procedures. Penn Medicine facilities throughout the southeastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey regions perform colonoscopies, so you can schedule the procedure at a convenient location close to home.

There are two phases to getting a colonoscopy: the preparation phase and the procedure itself.

Preparing for your colonoscopy

You’ll need to empty your colon to prepare for your colonoscopy. Guidelines on how to prepare for the procedure include instructions on food intake, drinks, and medications you’ll need to use. In some cases, you’ll need to stop using your regular medications so the procedure can be performed safely. Contact your provider if you have questions about your colonoscopy preparation.

You’ll need to follow special instructions if your doctor has suggested a prescription-based polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution preparation. See your doctor for preparation details.

Having the procedure

Once you arrive at the location for your procedure, you can expect the following:

• The medical staff will check you in and confirm the contact information for the person who will drive you home.
• You’ll be escorted to a care room to change into a hospital gown and be greeted by your care team. They’ll ask you some questions prior to the procedure and insert an intravenous (IV) line to deliver medications and anesthesia.
• You’ll move to the procedure room where you’ll receive sedation and pain medication to keep you comfortable, then the colonoscope will be inserted to begin the procedure.
• The procedure usually takes less than 30 minutes. You should not feel any pain during the procedure. It’s possible that you feel a little gas or cramping.
• You’ll be moved to a recovery area and monitored for about an hour as the medications wear off. A member of your care team will share their findings from the colonoscopy procedure.
• Your medications will wear off gradually during the day, but you should avoid driving a vehicle, operating equipment, or making important decisions for 24 hours.

There are few risks from getting a colonoscopy. As with any procedure, it’s possible to experience:

• A nick or tear in the wall of the colon or rectum
• Unusual bleeding
• Infection
• Side effects from anesthesia

Your doctor will explain the risks and answer any questions you have about the procedure.

Penn Medicine gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, and endoscopists perform large volumes of colonoscopies annually. Our experienced doctors and providers work collaboratively to perform colonoscopy procedures efficiently and with a high level of skill. Whether you’re getting a colonoscopy for routine screening or to treat a more complex colorectal condition, we offer compassionate care along with the most advanced techniques to keep you comfortable. You’ll also have access to facilities in the greater Philadelphia, Lancaster, and Princeton regions so you can schedule a colonoscopy at a location that fits your life best.

If further treatment is required after your colonoscopy, your medical team can help you get resources for ongoing care. We can direct you to experts at Penn Medicine who specialize in diagnosing and treating colorectal conditions. We also offer support services to help you arrange for timely consultations and additional tests, as needed.