Cataract surgery (lens replacement)

When cataracts start to cloud your vision, everyday tasks like reading or driving can become more difficult. Cataract surgery is a quick outpatient procedure that removes the cloudy lens of the eye and, in most cases, replaces it with a clear, artificial one called an intraocular lens (IOL). This new lens helps restore vision lost to cataracts so you can see the world more clearly again.

Cataract removal is typically performed by ophthalmologists, eye doctors who specialize in diseases of the eye. At Penn Medicine, our eye surgeons use advanced technology and proven techniques to deliver safe, precise care.

Cataracts can develop slowly over time. In the early stages, they may not cause much vision loss or affect your daily activities. Because of this, not everyone with cataracts needs lens replacement right away.

If you’re unsure whether it’s time for surgery, talk with your ophthalmologist. They may recommend cataract removal surgery if:

• Your vision loss makes it hard to do everyday tasks.
• You have trouble reading, driving at night, or seeing in bright light.
• Glasses or contact lenses no longer improve your vision.

Cataract treatment can be performed using either traditional or laser-assisted techniques. In traditional cataract surgery, your surgeon makes a tiny incision by hand and uses ultrasound energy to remove the cloudy lens. This method is widely used, safe, and highly effective.

Laser cataract surgery uses advanced imaging to guide a laser that makes precise incisions and softens the cataract before removal. It can provide added accuracy and may be recommended if your eye is more curved than usual (a condition called astigmatism) or if you choose an advanced type of artificial IOL.

Both options offer excellent results, and your ophthalmologist will help determine which is right for you.

Before your procedure, your care team will give you detailed instructions on how to prepare, including when to stop eating or drinking and which medications to take. You’ll also have a brief eye exam to measure your eyes and choose the type of artificial IOL that best matches your vision needs. Your ophthalmologist will discuss the options with you and help you decide what works best for your eyes and lifestyle.

Cataract surgery is typically done on an outpatient basis, meaning you go home the same day. The procedure is quick and generally painless. Your eye will be numbed with drops, and most people feel only mild pressure or no discomfort at all. The surgeon removes the cloudy lens and replaces it with a clear IOL. The entire process usually takes less than 30 minutes.

Most people notice clearer vision within a few days after a cataract procedure, though full healing can take several weeks. Your eyes may feel slightly gritty, red, or watery at first. These symptoms are normal and improve as your eye heals. Prescription eye drops can reduce swelling and help prevent infection.

There are some temporary restrictions after cataract surgery, including:

• Avoid rubbing or putting pressure on your eye. 
• Limit heavy lifting or strenuous activity for at least a week.
• Try not to bend over so your head is below your waist.
• Keep water, soap, and shampoo out of your eye.
• Wear sunglasses outdoors and an eye shield while sleeping.
• Wait about two weeks before swimming or using a hot tub.
• Check with your care team before driving or wearing eye makeup.

Cataract surgery is one of the safest and most successful procedures performed today. Serious complications are rare, and most problems can be treated effectively if they occur. Talk to your doctor if you have questions about possible risks.

Choosing where to have your eye surgery is an important decision. At Penn Medicine, you’ll receive exceptional ophthalmology care from specialists who help set the standard for cataract surgery across the region and beyond.

You can count on our experts to:

• Deliver the highest level of clinical care using leading technology and surgical techniques.
• Conduct breakthrough research that drives the treatments of tomorrow.
• Offer patient-centered care from diagnosis through recovery.