Coping with the mental health challenges of cancer

Confusion, worry, fear, and loneliness—these emotions are common after a cancer diagnosis. Beyond concerns about physical health, the emotional impact can be significant.

Following a diagnosis, changes in mental health are common. One in four individuals experiences depression, and many face anxiety. Recognizing these changes and seeking support can make a meaningful difference.

“Education can be a powerful resource,” said Cynthia Brown, BSN, RN, CN-BN, breast cancer oncology nurse navigator at Chester County Hospital. “Knowledge is power, and when you are more aware of the physical and mental symptoms you can experience throughout your cancer treatment, you can feel more confident in your ability to manage them—and be less afraid of the unknown.”

Coping strategies during cancer treatment

Leading up to chemotherapy or other treatments, anxiety may increase. After treatment, emotions such as anger or loneliness may arise. Certain interactions or situations can also contribute to stress.

Acknowledging these feelings and understanding their causes can help in managing them.Here are some coping strategies for common emotions:

• Sadness or loneliness: Connecting with a support network, whether through friends, family, or a support group, can provide comfort. Scheduling a small activity, such as a coffee outing, after an appointment may offer something positive to anticipate.
• Anger or frustration: Expressing emotions through conversation or journaling can prevent them from building up or affecting relationships.
• Anxiety or stress: Stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, yoga, or setting aside time for relaxation can be beneficial.

During medical appointments, discussions often focus on physical health, leaving limited time to address mental well-being. Consider adding a therapist, psychologist, or social worker to your care team for counseling, education, or spiritual support.

Beyond anxiety and depression

Mental health challenges during cancer treatment extend beyond anxiety and depression. Here are some other common concerns.

Chemo brain

Cognitive difficulties, often referred to as “chemo brain,” can occur after chemotherapy, leading to trouble concentrating or memory lapses. Keeping a planner, maintaining a routine, and seeking guidance from health-care providers can help manage symptoms if they interfere with your daily life.

Body image

Physical changes from cancer treatment, such as hair loss, weight fluctuations, or skin changes, may impact self-confidence. Acknowledging these feelings is important. It's okay to feel sad about the way your body is changing, but there are also steps you can take to help build your confidence. If able, small amounts of exercise can get you moving and feeling more in control.

Sexual intimacy

Changes in sexual function or body image concerns can affect intimacy. Talk openly with your partner about how you’re feeling—it can help take some of the pressure off. You may need to think about other ways you can show each other love and intimacy. It’s also important to share your concerns with your cancer care team. Some sexual challenges can be addressed but only if you’re open and honest.

Mental health support for cancer patients

Managing the emotional effects of a cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming. Taking time to explore available resources can provide valuable support.

Penn Medicine offers a wide variety of support groups to provide personal counseling and emotional support in dealing with illness and its physical and emotional effects. Resources like the National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society provide information that can help patients learn about their disease and cope with the emotional effects.

Resources for loved ones and caregivers

The effects of a diagnosis can ripple through a family, friend group, and even a community.

“If someone in your life has been diagnosed with cancer, it’s okay to take time to process your feelings as well. Those emotions are still important—even if the diagnosis isn’t your own. You may be worried for your loved one or angry about the disease,” said Brown. “And if you are going to be providing care for this person, you may experience feelings of stress or burnout.”

Seeking support through therapy or caregiver-focused groups can provide relief and guidance. Taking time for personal well-being is essential in maintaining the ability to support a loved one.

Focusing on positive moments

Not all emotions you feel during a cancer journey are going to be negative. There will be moments of joy, calm, and gratitude. You might learn something new about yourself or grow closer to those around you.

Finding ways to focus on what can be controlled—whether through planning, small lifestyle adjustments, or engaging in meaningful activities—can be empowering.

While difficult emotions may feel overwhelming, acknowledging and appreciating even small moments of happiness can provide a sense of balance and resilience throughout the experience.