Salivary gland stone

What is a salivary gland stone?

Salivary gland stones are calcifications in the salivary gland or in the tubes (ducts) that drain the salivary glands. They create a blockage that obstructs the flow of saliva. Salivary gland stones are the most common cause of inflammatory salivary gland disease.

Three out of four salivary stones occur in the submandibular gland. In rare cases, stones can appear in more than one gland. Although uncommon, people can also get recurring stones.

Alternative names:

Sialolithiasis

Symptoms of salivary gland stones

Symptoms may include any of the following:

  • Swelling
  • Pain and discomfort
  • Infection

Causes of salivary gland stones

The underlying cause of salivary gland stones is unknown. No foods or drinks have been shown to cause salivary gland stones. The only known risk factors are dry mouth and dehydration. Therefore, staying well-hydrated is the only preventative measure to date.

Exams and tests for salivary gland stones

Your doctor will perform a physical exam and may order ultrasounds, CT scans, or MRI scans to help guide treatment. Sialendoscopy may also be used to assess the stone(s).

Stones are categorized by the size of their diameter:

  • Small: 4 millimeters or smaller
  • Medium: 5-6 millimeters
  • Large: 6 millimeters or larger

Treatment of salivary gland stones

Sometimes an infection can lead to swelling that pushes a small stone out on its own. Stones can also break into multiple smaller stones that may come out on their own.

However, treatment is usually needed to remove stones or fragments. People with salivary gland stones should never attempt to break or remove stones on their own as it may cause damage or scarring.

Outlook (prognosis) for salivary gland stones

After removing a stone, the gland almost always recovers. Penn Medicine ENT’s Salivary Gland Center has a gland preservation rate of over 95 percent. Even with large stones, the gland is rarely removed, allowing patients to avoid the side effects of resection surgery.

When to contact a medical professional

Call your doctor if you have any of the following:

  • Swelling or pain in your mouth
  • An infection in your mouth

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