What is atrial fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a common heart rhythm disorder where the heart’s upper chambers, called the atria, beat irregularly and out of sync with the lower chambers, called the ventricles. This can lead to symptoms like a rapid or fluttering heartbeat and may increase the risk of stroke or heart complications if left untreated.
Penn Medicine’s cardiologists, electrophysiologists, and heart surgeons provide advanced AFib care, addressing the condition’s immediate symptoms and underlying causes. Working together as a multidisciplinary team, our specialists create customized treatment plans to achieve the best possible outcome for each person.
Types of AFib
Atrial fibrillation can be categorized into different types based on how long it lasts and how frequently it occurs.
- Paroxysmal AFib: This type of AFib occurs periodically, starting and stopping on its own within a few minutes to hours, but lasting no more than seven days. Episodes may happen one or more times.
- Persistent AFib: Lasting longer than seven days, persistent AFib doesn’t stop on its own and typically requires medical treatment to return to a normal rhythm.
- Long-standing persistent AFib: This type of AFib lasts continuously for more than 12 months and may require a combination of treatments.
- Permanent AFib: When AFib doesn’t go away, it’s considered permanent. In this case, the focus shifts to managing symptoms and preventing complications.
Each type may require a different treatment approach, and the right one will depend on your symptoms, underlying health conditions, and overall heart health.
Atrial fibrillation symptoms
Not everyone has AFib symptoms, but those who do tend to experience:
- A fluttering feeling in the chest, called heart palpitations
- Labored or shallow breathing
- Chest pain or pressure
- Fatigue or feeling tired
- Lightheadedness
What causes AFib?
Atrial fibrillation is typically caused by underlying health conditions, lifestyle factors, and genetic predisposition. Common causes and risk factors include:
- High blood pressure: Over time, high blood pressure can cause changes in the heart muscle that lead to AFib.
- Heart disease: Conditions like coronary artery disease, heart failure, and heart valve disorders can increase the risk.
- Other chronic conditions: Diabetes, sleep apnea, and thyroid disorders can contribute to AFib.
- Age: The risk of AFib increases as you age, especially after 65.
- Lifestyle factors: Excessive alcohol use, smoking, and stress may trigger or worsen AFib episodes.
- Genetics: A family history of AFib may increase your likelihood of developing the condition.
AFib can also develop without a clear cause, known as lone atrial fibrillation.
How is atrial fibrillation diagnosed?
AFib is diagnosed through a combination of your medical history, a physical exam, and blood tests. Your provider may also recommend additional diagnostic tests.
Atrial fibrillation treatment
Treatment for atrial fibrillation depends on its type, severity, and underlying causes. Your provider may prescribe medications to manage your heart rate and rhythm and reduce your risk of blood clots. They may also recommend lifestyle changes along with other treatments.
Expert AFib care close to home
Penn Medicine is a leader in treating atrial fibrillation, offering access to advanced care and the latest treatment options. When you choose to partner with us, you can expect:
- Customized treatment plans: Our multidisciplinary team works closely with you to create a plan tailored to your specific needs.
- Access to clinical trials: With our commitment to ongoing research, eligible patients gain access to innovative treatments and clinical trials that may not be available elsewhere.
- Convenient care close to home: With locations across the greater Philadelphia, Lancaster, and Princeton areas, we ensure exceptional care is easily accessible in your local community.