Tension headache

A tension headache produces a moderately painful sensation around the head, scalp, or neck. Tension headaches are the most common type of headache among adults and are often associated with muscle tension and stress. Some patients describe tension headaches as a feeling of pressure on the forehead and temples like a clamp or band is squeezing them.

Tension headaches vary in intensity. Some patients have episodic occurrences and others experience them more frequently, like a chronic condition. Your doctor may ask questions about how frequently you experience this type of headache so they can categorize your condition:

• Infrequent episodic: Tension headaches that occur once a month or less.
• Frequent episodic: Tension headaches that occur one to 14 times per month for three months or more.
• Chronic: Tension headaches that occur 15 times or more per month for three months or more.

Tension headaches typically begin slowly and are characterized by a dull or band-like pain affecting both sides of the head. The sensation of tightness or pressure can extend to the back of the head or neck. The pain is usually mild to moderate in intensity and may last for periods ranging from 30 minutes to several days. These headaches may be worsened by stress, fatigue, or environmental factors like noise or glare.

Unlike other headache types, tension headaches typically do not cause nausea, vomiting, or severe sensitivity to light or noise. There are, however, some symptoms that are common with tension headaches, including:

• Discomfort
• Fatigue
• Mild sensitivity to light or noise
• Tenderness in the scalp, neck, and shoulder muscles

Researchers have not yet identified a singular cause of tension headaches. However, understanding potential triggers can help you manage and prevent them. Muscle tension in the head and neck area is considered a significant factor. Stressful situations or busy days can worsen muscle tension, resulting in a tension headache. Prolonged periods of maintaining the head in one position, such as during computer work, may also contribute to the onset of a tension headache.

Other tension headache causes or triggers include:

• Alcohol consumption
• Caffeine intake or withdrawal
• Dehydration
• Emotional stress
• Eye strain
• Fatigue
• Jaw clenching
• Physical stress
• Poor posture