What is an inguinal hernia?
An inguinal hernia is a common type of groin hernia that occurs when tissue, often part of the intestine, pushes through a weak spot in the lower abdominal wall. This creates a bulge in the groin, which may become more noticeable when standing, coughing, or lifting.
Inguinal hernias are more common in people assigned male at birth, but they can affect people of all ages. While some inguinal hernias cause little discomfort, others may worsen over time and require medical treatment. If intervention is needed, Penn Medicine offers comprehensive hernia care. You’ll benefit from advanced imaging, experienced surgeons, and access to both open and minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair options.
Different types of inguinal hernias
There are two main types of inguinal hernias: direct and indirect. A direct inguinal hernia develops over time due to weakness in the abdominal muscles. An indirect inguinal hernia is usually present at birth and occurs when tissue follows a natural pathway through the abdominal wall. Knowing the differences between direct vs. indirect inguinal hernias helps guide diagnosis and treatment.
What an inguinal hernia feels like
Some people may have an inguinal hernia without groin pain, while others experience increasing discomfort. Common signs of a hernia in the groin include:
- A visible or palpable bulge in the groin or lower abdomen
- Aching or burning pain at the bulge site
- Discomfort that worsens with lifting, coughing, or standing
- A feeling of pressure, heaviness, or weakness in the groin
What causes an inguinal hernia?
A hernia in the groin develops when pressure inside the abdomen combines with weakness in the abdominal wall. This weakness may be present at birth (congenital) or develop over time. Common causes and risk factors include:
- Aging and gradual muscle weakening
- Heavy lifting or repeated straining
- Chronic coughing or constipation
- Obesity or sudden weight gain
- Previous abdominal surgery
How to detect an inguinal hernia
Doctors often diagnose an inguinal hernia through a physical exam. Imaging studies help confirm the type and extent of the hernia.
Inguinal hernia treatment
Treatment depends on your symptoms, hernia size, and overall health. Watchful waiting may be advised for people with few to no symptoms. Supportive measures may help delay or avoid surgery, such as avoiding heavy lifting and straining or short-term use of a hernia belt or truss. When surgery is recommended to reinforce the weakened area and relieve symptoms, Penn Medicine’s hernia specialists are skilled in both open and laparoscopic (minimally invasive) procedures.
Advanced surgical techniques for groin hernia care
Penn Medicine offers coordinated care for people with inguinal and other hernias. Our surgical teams include specialists in minimally invasive and complex hernia repair who work closely with nurses and rehabilitation professionals to deliver well-rounded treatment.
From evaluation through recovery, we provide careful planning, the latest technology, and clear guidance to help you return to your daily activities safely and comfortably.