Laryngeal cancer

Laryngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that develops in the voice box (larynx). The voice box contains the vocal cords which help us speak, breathe, and swallow. Voice box cancer can occur in several locations, including above the vocal cords (supraglottic), on the vocal cords (glottic), or below the vocal cords (subglottic).

Laryngeal cancer is treated by a team of head and neck surgeons, medical oncologists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Penn Medicine’s Head and Neck Cancer specialty provides advanced diagnostic, surgical, and nonsurgical treatment for laryngeal cancer.

Types of laryngeal cancer

Most laryngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, which develop in the thin, flat cells lining the inside of the voice box. However, voice box cancer can manifest in several different ways, and treatment plans vary depending on the type. Our specialists treat several types, including:

Laryngeal cancer symptoms

Laryngeal cancer symptoms are similar to what you might experience with a common cold. Unlike a cold, though, laryngeal cancer symptoms like sore throat and hoarseness can last for weeks or months.

In addition, you might experience these symptoms with cancer of the voice box:

  • Changes in your voice 
  • Persistent coughing 
  • Pain or difficulty swallowing 
  • Difficulty clearing your throat 
  • Ear pain and fullness 
  • Difficulty breathing 
  • Bad breath 
  • Unexplained weight loss 
  • A lump or mass in the neck

Laryngeal cancer risks and prevention

People with certain risk factors for voice box cancer may have a greater chance of developing the disease.

Laryngeal cancer diagnosis

To diagnose laryngeal cancer, your doctor will likely begin by examining your throat, neck, and nose for any unusual growths or lesions. If they find something suspicious, they may order additional tests to confirm their diagnosis.

Penn Medicine’s specialists are experts in the evaluation and diagnosis of all types of laryngeal cancers. We use the latest diagnostic tools and tests to ensure the most accurate diagnosis.

Treating laryngeal cancer

Laryngeal cancer treatment depends on the stage, size, and location of the cancer—whether it’s on, above, or below the vocal cords. In some cases, nonsurgical treatments may be used alone or in combination with surgery.

At Penn Medicine, we’re experts in head and neck cancer treatment, offering care plans based on your specific type and stage of cancer. Our approach aims to achieve the best possible outcomes.

Penn Medicine and laryngeal cancer

We specialize in the evaluation and diagnosis of all types of cancer that can affect the voice box, including squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. When you come to Penn Medicine for care, you’ll also find:

  • Pioneering technology: We created many of the latest surgical and nonsurgical treatment techniques for laryngeal cancer, including transoral robotic surgery (TORS), which may help preserve the voice box and swallowing functions. 
  • Speech therapy: We offer voice restoration therapies, including individualized vocal exercises and counseling, to help you use your voice effectively and safely after surgery. 
  • Reconstructive treatments: If you need reconstructive head and neck microsurgery after a total laryngectomy, our Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgery team has extensive experience in a variety of cancer resection procedures.
National Cancer Institute "Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center" badge on top of exterior shot of the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine

Rated “exceptional” by The National Cancer Institute

Penn Medicine’s Abramson Cancer Center is a world leader in cancer research, patient care, and education. Our status as a national leader in cancer care is reflected in our continuous designation as a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) since 1973, one of 7 such centers in the United States. The ACC is also a member of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, one of a select few cancer centers in the U.S., that are working to promote equitable access to high-quality, advanced cancer care.

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