Living with HIV and AIDS-related cancer

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a condition that attacks the immune system cells that help fight infections. This makes people with HIV more vulnerable to illnesses and infections. The virus spreads through contact with specific bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. If left untreated, HIV can progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, also known as AIDS.

HIV and AIDS do not directly cause cancer but people living with HIV or AIDS have a higher risk of developing certain cancers compared to those who do not have the virus. HIV and AIDS are known to compromise the immune system and weaken the body’s ability to fight viruses associated with cancer development like human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In addition, lifestyle factors like smoking and heavy alcohol use, along with the effects of immunosuppression and inflammation, can further increase the risk of a person living with HIV or AIDS developing cancer.

Through our AIDS-related oncology specialty, patients receive advanced medical care, counseling, and resources for managing both HIV/AIDS and associated health risks like cancer.

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AIDS-related cancers we treat

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Rated “exceptional” by The National Cancer Institute

Penn Medicine’s Abramson Cancer Center is a world leader in cancer research, patient care, and education. Our status as a national leader in cancer care is reflected in our continuous designation as a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) since 1973, one of 7 such centers in the United States. The ACC is also a member of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, one of a select few cancer centers in the U.S., that are working to promote equitable access to high-quality, advanced cancer care.

Specialized HIV oncology care at Penn Medicine

HIV-related cancer requires specialized and well-resourced care to ensure the best outcomes. For over 20 years, our HIV oncology team has been helping people with HIV-related cancers manage their symptoms and offering emotional support and resources to help them thrive despite their condition. At Penn Medicine, our team of doctors, nurses, nurse practitioners, social workers, nutrition counselors, and nurse navigators work collaboratively to ensure their patients receive thorough and compassionate care.

Our program is one of only 36 sites worldwide that participates in the AIDS Malignancy Consortium (AMC), a clinical trials group supported by the National Cancer Institute. Through our participation in the AMC, we can evaluate new treatments and prevention approaches, and establish better standards of care for HIV-related cancers. We specialize in all HIV-related hematology problems, including anemia, low white blood counts, and low platelet counts. Our expertise, combined with our extensive collaborative team of experts, enables us to help you navigate the complex journey of care for both cancer and HIV/AIDS with confidence and ease.

Advanced treatments for Cancer and HIV/AIDS

Our AIDS-related oncology specialization gives you access to the most advanced treatments available for individuals living with cancer and HIV or AIDS. As a Penn Medicine patient, you’ll gain access to innovative clinical trials, and extensive support services, including fertility preservation, counseling, nutrition, exercise classes, and family support programs.

Your doctor will carefully review and discuss your medical history with you to develop a detailed treatment plan that meets your individual needs. In addition, our oncology experts and HIV specialists work together to ensure your treatments for each condition are delivered timely and cohesively to help you reach the best possible outcome.

Dedicated support for family planning and fertility preservation

Some cancer treatments can cause reproductive challenges, but that doesn’t have to alter your plans for the future. If you’re thinking of starting a family or want to prepare, we’re here to make sure you’re aware of the many options available to you. Penn Medicine’s Fertility Preservation program is dedicated to assisting patients facing fertility challenges due to genetic conditions or medical treatments like cancer therapy. Our proactive approach ensures timely preservation options, including:

  • Testicular sperm extractions: Our specialists perform sperm extractions for people assigned male at birth who wish to store healthy sperm to become a parent later. We also offer a delicate, advanced method of extraction that is helpful for people with no sperm in their ejaculate (azoospermia).
  • Donor eggs: If your cancer therapy results in changes to the normal function of your ovaries, our fertility doctors can assist you with donor eggs as part of your intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment.
  • Egg freezing: This option, for people assigned female at birth, allows you to store frozen eggs before you begin cancer treatment, until you are ready to conceive.
  • Ovarian tissue banking and cryopreservation: Our fertility doctors are trained to perform entire or partial ovary removal procedures before you begin cancer therapies. Our specialists then freeze and keep your healthy ovarian tissue safe until you’re ready to use it.
  • Premature menopause program: If your cancer therapy leads to early onset of menopause, our doctors can help address your hormonal needs and discuss your fertility options.
  • LGBTQ+ care: Our team cares for trans women who wish to preserve sperm before hormonal treatment or gender-affirming surgery.

Whether it’s preserving fertility before cancer treatment or addressing premature menopause concerns post-therapy, our specialists work together to make sure your fertility procedures don’t delay or interfere with other crucial medical treatments. With an array of treatment options and attentive care, we empower you to make informed decisions about your reproductive future, offering support every step of the way.

Additional resources for AIDS-related oncology patients

Navigating the complexities of HIV and cancer involves more than medical treatment alone; it requires a network of support and resources. From legal aid to nutritional assistance, we're here to help you connect with organizations that are dedicated to supporting individuals living with cancer associated with HIV or AIDS. Together, these organizations form a robust support system, empowering you with knowledge, assistance, and compassion throughout your journey.

Cancer care at Penn Medicine

Penn Medicine’s Cancer System is led by the Abramson Cancer Center with locations at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Hospital, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Chester County Hospital, and outpatient locations in the Philadelphia and NJ suburbs. Beyond the greater Philadelphia region, the system includes programs at both the Ann B. Barshinger Cancer Institute at Lancaster General Health and Princeton Medical Center.
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