Vulvar cancer prevention
While there is no standard screening for vulvar cancer, an annual gynecologic exam can help you manage your vulvar cancer risks. If you detect a lesion on your vulva or experience any itching, bleeding or pain, talk to your gynecologist about which prevention methods would be best for you. The following are helpful steps you can take to significantly reduce your risk.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for vulvar cancer. HPV spread through skin-to-skin contact, including during sexual contact. Limiting the number of sexual partners and avoiding contact with individuals who have had many partners can reduce your risk. However, since HPV is common and often symptomless, it’s difficult to avoid entirely.
HPV testing is often done during a Pap test and can detect types of HPV that place people at higher risk of developing vulvar cancer.
Condoms can provide some protection against HPV, though they don’t cover all potentially infected areas. They are still useful in reducing the risk of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections.
Vaccines are available to protect against high-risk HPV strains, including those most likely to cause cancer. Vaccination is most effective before exposure to HPV, typically before becoming sexually active.
Smoking increases the risk of vulvar cancer and many other cancers. Avoiding smoking can lower your risk.
Regular gynecologic exams can detect precancerous conditions early. Report any symptoms like vulvar itching, rashes, moles, or lumps to your healthcare provider. Early detection and treatment of conditions like vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) can prevent progression to cancer.
Regular self-examinations of the vulva can help you notice any changes, such as new growths or sores. Use a mirror to check for abnormalities and report any concerns to your doctor.