What is tendinosis?
Tendinosis is a form of tendinopathy that affects the tendons, the thick cords that attach muscle to bone. Tendons are primarily made of tough fibers called collagen. With tendinosis, the collagen gradually breaks down, making the tendon weaker—much like a rubber band that’s been overstretched. Eventually, the tendon degenerates, becoming thicker and stiffer, which can cause chronic issues.
Tendinosis is treated by orthopaedic doctors, particularly those specializing in sports medicine. They may work alongside physical therapists and, in some cases, rheumatologists if tendinosis is linked to an inflammatory condition. Penn Orthopaedics is involved in advanced research in tendon reconstruction and repair, making us experts in the latest treatment methods.
Symptoms of tendinosis
In the early stages of tendinosis, you may not have any pain, swelling, or inflammation. However, as the condition progresses and the collagen fibers degenerate, the tendon begins to repair itself by forming new blood vessels and nerves, transitioning into a different type of tissue. This can make the tendon more sensitive.
As tendinosis progresses, you may also experience:
- Pain during activity, often a burning sensation
- Stiffness and reduced range of motion in the tendon
- Weakness during familiar activities
- Persistent pain lasting over three months
What causes tendinosis?
Athletes aren’t the only ones who suffer from tendon problems. Tendinosis happens when you injure a tendon, and it can’t heal properly. The most common cause is repetitive strain injuries from activities like typing, lifting, painting, scrubbing, shoveling, and similar tasks.
Other factors that can contribute to tendinosis include:
- Previous injury: Past trauma, such as sports injuries or surgeries, can weaken tendons.
- Chronic inflammation: Long-term conditions like tendinitis can weaken tendons and lead to degeneration.
- Age-related wear and tear: Aging can weaken tendons, especially if they’ve been heavily used.
How is tendinosis diagnosed?
Tendinosis is typically diagnosed through a combination of a physical exam, your medical history, and imaging tests.
Treating tendinosis
Your orthopaedic provider may suggest trying conservative treatments first, including rest, icing for 20-minute intervals, limiting activities that stress the tendon, and massage or physical therapy. Additional treatments are available, including open or minimally invasive surgeries, which are usually a last resort to treat severely damaged tissue and stimulate healing.
Preventing tendinosis
While not all causes of tendinosis are preventable, you can reduce your risk. It’s important to avoid repetitive motions and overuse. Ensure you warm up properly before activities, listen to your body, and rest when needed. An ergonomic workspace can minimize strain, while regular strength training and stretching can help maintain healthy tendons.
Why Penn Medicine for tendon repair?
Penn Orthopaedic surgeons are highly skilled in performing complex techniques to repair damaged and torn tendons. We help people with tendon injuries regain function and do what once seemed impossible by using the most advanced techniques—from minimally invasive surgery to computer-assisted procedures to harvesting and growing cells for cartilage repair.