Stomach cancer risks and prevention

Stomach cancer, or gastric cancer, is a disease where cancerous cells form in the lining of the stomach. Learning about stomach cancer risks and prevention is important for early detection and better outcomes.

Stomach cancer risk factors

Like many cancers, stomach cancer typically develops due to genetic mutations in the cells of the stomach lining. These mutations can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of tumors. While the exact causes of these genetic mutations are often not fully understood, several factors can increase the risk of developing gastric cancer:

• A family history of stomach cancer
• A family history of gastrointestinal cancers
• Helicobacter pylori infection, a common bacterial infection that can cause peptic ulcers and chronic inflammation
• Stomach polyps, which are noncancerous cells that can grow on the stomach lining
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Long-term inflammation of the stomach lining, called gastritis
• Consuming a diet high in salty, smoked, or pickled foods and low in fruits and vegetables
• Smoking
• Alcohol consumption
• Obesity
• Genetics

Some stomach cancers are genetically linked to mutations in the CDH1 gene. Individuals with this mutation face a higher risk of developing hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). Penn Medicine specialists provide exceptional expertise in managing CDH1 mutations and associated stomach cancer risks.

Genetics and stomach cancer: assessing your risk

Genetics can play a role in the likelihood of developing stomach cancer. Individuals who may have an increased risk of inherited gastrointestinal cancer include:

• People with multiple relatives with some type of cancer
• People who have been diagnosed with colon polyps, colon cancer, or another gastrointestinal cancer at an early age
• People who have multiple relatives with colon polyps
• People who have relatives with different forms of cancer
• People with multiple, different cancers

If you’re concerned about your cancer risk, working with a team of leading experts is essential. The Penn Medicine Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk Evaluation Program offers access to nationally recognized specialists in cancer and genetics. Our team provides you with detailed information, customized care, and ongoing support throughout the risk evaluation process. We can help you understand your level of risk for developing gastrointestinal cancer, explore protective measures, assess risks for your family members, and determine whether testing for inherited cancer forms would be beneficial.

Stomach cancer prevention

Reducing your risk of stomach cancer involves a blend of healthy lifestyle choices and regular medical check-ups. Although it’s not always possible to completely prevent gastric cancer, you can lower your risk by following these guidelines:

• Talk with your doctor: Let your doctor know if there’s a history of stomach cancer in your family.
• Avoid tobacco and alcohol: Don’t use tobacco products and limit your alcohol intake, as they can increase the risk of many cancers, including stomach cancer.
• Eat a balanced diet: Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. These foods provide essential nutrients and antioxidants that can help protect your cells from damage.
• Keep a healthy weight: Excess body weight can raise your risk of cancer. Focus on maintaining a healthy weight through balanced eating and regular physical activity.
• Address infections: If you test positive for Helicobacter pylori, follow your doctor’s prescribed treatment plan.

By following these guidelines, you can reduce your risk of developing stomach cancer and improve your overall health.