What is melanoma skin cancer?

Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer. It develops in skin cells called melanocytes. These cells produce melanin, which is the pigment that gives your skin, eyes, and hair their color. Although melanoma is the rarest type of skin cancer, it’s also the most dangerous because it can spread quickly.

At Penn Medicine, we’re a national leader in cancer care. Our status is reflected in our continuous designation as a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer Institute. This means you’re in expert hands with our nationally recognized specialists. Our team offers advanced melanoma skin cancer care and access to treatment options based on the latest research.

Types of melanoma skin cancer

Melanoma can develop in different ways, depending on where it starts and how it grows.

What melanoma can look like

Melanoma often starts as a new spot or a change in an existing mole. Knowing what to look for can help you find it early, when treatment works best. Many melanomas are first noticed during a skin self-check or by someone close to you. If you notice any changes in your skin, it’s important to have it checked by a provider.

The ABCDE system can help you recognize possible signs of melanoma:

  • Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn’t match the other.
  • Borders: The lesion’s edges are irregular, ragged, or notched.
  • Color: The spot has uneven color or multiple shades, like brown, black, pink, red, white, or blue.
  • Diameter: The spot is larger than 6 mm (about the size of a pencil eraser) though it can be smaller.
  • Evolution: Moles that change in size, color, shape, color, or symptoms like itching or bleeding.

How we diagnose skin cancer

Our melanoma specialists examine you for moles and other suspicious spots in a thorough evaluation with a whole-body skin exam. If we find a concerning area, we’ll take a small tissue sample. You may need other tests, including imaging, to confirm a melanoma diagnosis.

Care plans for melanoma

Your care team works together to tailor your treatment plan, which may include more than one treatment. Surgery is often the first treatment for melanoma, especially in its early stages. Our team works with surgeons in the Penn Dermatology Oncology Center to coordinate your care.

A team approach to melanoma care

At Penn Medicine, you’ll receive care from a team focused on melanoma and other skin cancers. Dermatologists, surgeons, medical oncologists, and other specialists work together to create a treatment plan based on your specific needs. This team-based approach supports better results for you. It also gives you access to advanced treatments, surgical techniques, and clinical trials that may not be available elsewhere.

National Cancer Institute Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center badge on top of shot of hospital

Rated “exceptional” by The National Cancer Institute

Penn Medicine’s Abramson Cancer Center is a world leader in cancer research, patient care, and education. Our status as a national leader in cancer care is reflected in our continuous designation as a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) since 1973, one of 7 such centers in the United States. The ACC is also a member of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, one of a select few cancer centers in the U.S., that are working to promote equitable access to high-quality, advanced cancer care.

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Patient stories

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A personal perspective on gender-affirming care

A lifelong performer shares how she began enjoying life even more after facial feminization surgery, as part of her gender-affirming care.

In the face of skin cancer, proton made all the difference

In the face of skin cancer, proton made all the difference

A Lancaster man and father of two reveals how proton therapy helped him beat skin cancer and reclaim his life.

A journey from battlefield to beating cancer

A journey from battlefield to beating cancer

Andrew Camponelli was a young Army helicopter pilot in Kuwait when he was diagnosed with stage 3 melanoma.

A personal perspective on gender-affirming care

A personal perspective on gender-affirming care

A lifelong performer shares how she began enjoying life even more after facial feminization surgery, as part of her gender-affirming care.

In the face of skin cancer, proton made all the difference

In the face of skin cancer, proton made all the difference

A Lancaster man and father of two reveals how proton therapy helped him beat skin cancer and reclaim his life.

A journey from battlefield to beating cancer

A journey from battlefield to beating cancer

Andrew Camponelli was a young Army helicopter pilot in Kuwait when he was diagnosed with stage 3 melanoma.

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