What is pulmonary sarcoidosis?
Sarcoidosis is a type of interstitial lung disease (ILD) that causes unusual inflammation in the body. This leads to the development of tiny bunches of cells (granulomas) that settle in different organs and affect their function. Pulmonary sarcoidosis impacts the lungs, resulting in lung granulomas that cause breathing problems and other respiratory issues.
Often, lung sarcoidosis is a temporary condition that gets better on its own. Sometimes, it flares up again later or produces ongoing inflammation that can lead to temporary or permanent damage to the lungs and, possibly, to other organs.
Penn Medicine’s ILD Care program has a dedicated team of pulmonologists, chest radiologists, lung pathologists, and nurses who treat people with complex lung disorders, like sarcoidosis of the lung. We provide specialized care to diagnose this rare disease, treat symptoms, and reduce the risk of organ damage.
Pulmonary sarcoidosis symptoms
People may not show any symptoms of lung sarcoidosis. If they do have symptoms, they often impact the respiratory system due to granulomas in the lungs. Sometimes this condition can also damage the heart, skin, joints, brain, kidneys, or other organs, producing other symptoms too.
Symptoms most often include one or more of the following:
- Shortness of breath
- Difficulty breathing
- Dry, persistent cough
- Wheezing
- Chest tightness or pain
- Unusual fatigue or lethargy
What causes sarcoidosis of the lung?
It’s unclear what causes pulmonary sarcoidosis and research is ongoing. Some factors that may contribute to developing the condition include exposure to certain molds, insecticides, or inhaled substances that “trick” the body into thinking there’s an infection, triggering an inflammatory response. Genetics may also be a factor.
Pulmonary sarcoidosis is more common in people assigned female at birth and those of African or Nordic descent. It’s often diagnosed in people between the ages of 20 and 40.
Diagnosing pulmonary sarcoidosis
It can be challenging to diagnose lung sarcoidosis. This is because symptoms may not always be present and, if they are present, they often resemble symptoms of other conditions. Your doctor will do a full physical exam and ask about your medical history and home and work environments. They may also recommend specific tests to rule out other diseases and pinpoint a diagnosis.
Pulmonary sarcoidosis treatment
Treatment for sarcoidosis of the lungs will depend on the severity of your symptoms and your lung function. For mild cases, your doctor may take a “wait and watch” approach to assess if your sarcoidosis resolves on its own. They may prescribe medications to treat symptoms. Pulmonary rehabilitation can also help people learn ways to breathe better and live more comfortably. In rare cases, surgery or other treatments may be recommended.
Experts in rare and complex lung diseases
When you come to Penn Medicine for pulmonary sarcoidosis diagnosis and treatment, you’ll have access to a team that specializes in this complicated condition. You’ll find:
- Expert care: We have deep experience in lung disease, which helps us determine whether you need treatment for lung sarcoidosis. If you do, we can recommend the best therapies for you, while managing complications and side effects.
- Multidisciplinary team: Sarcoidosis often affects more than just the lungs. Our lung disease experts work closely with other leading specialists, including rheumatologists, neurologists, cardiologists, radiologists, dermatologists, and gastroenterologists to offer the best care for your whole body.
- Personal attention: Sarcoidosis diagnosis and treatment can be complicated. We’re committed to making sure you and your family understand the disease and your treatment options. We take the time to answer all your questions and welcome your loved ones at all discussions, in person or via telemedicine.
- Careful monitoring: Whether you need treatment for sarcoidosis or not, our team is dedicated to monitoring your condition through regular exams and tests. We’re also available for urgent care if necessary. Consistent follow-up helps you manage symptoms and avoid complications.
- Supportive services: You’ll have access to a range of support services at Penn Medicine. Our social workers help you access any support options you need or direct you to appropriate resources, like smoking cessation programs, that can help you live better with sarcoidosis.