At the Abramson Cancer Center, we specialize in advanced, evidence-based approaches to early detection, surgery and treatment of cancer of the colon, rectum and anus — and that starts with a colon cancer screening.
Screening exams such as colonoscopies can prevent colon cancer. During a colonoscopy, any abnormal cells that begin as polyps can be found and removed before they become cancerous. Screenings can also result in early detection of colon cancer when it is highly curable.
Colon Cancer Screening Guidelines
Regular screening for colon cancer should begin at age 45 for those with no other identified risk factors. People younger than 45 with a family history or other risk factors should talk to their doctor about getting screened.
You may need to be tested earlier or more frequently if you have:
- Inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
- Personal or family history of colon cancer or colorectal polyps.
- Genetic factors like Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer.
If you think you are at increased risk for colon cancer, speak with your doctor about:
- When to begin screening
- Which test is right for you
- How often to get tested
Types of Colon Cancer Screenings
Colon cancer screenings can range from colonoscopies that are performed in a hospital setting to testing kits that can be completed in the comfort of your home. Speak with your doctor to determine which method is right for you.
Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is the most comprehensive test currently available for colon cancer screenings. It takes about 30 to 60 minutes and is generally repeated every 10 years if no abnormalities are found, and you don't have an increased risk of colon cancer. Abnormal polyps are removed during the exam. The procedure is performed in an outpatient hospital setting and preparation is required.
To prepare for your colonoscopy:
- You shouldn't eat anything the day before the test
- Medications you're taking may need to be adjusted
- You'll have to completely empty your intestines and bowels before the test
Before your screening, your provider will provide you with detailed instructions for how and when to begin your prep.
What Happens During a Colonoscopy?
During a colonoscopy procedure, you will be given anesthesia medication to relax you and keep you from feeling any pain. You will lie on a table while the doctor inserts a small camera (colonoscope) through your anus into your rectum and colon. Your doctor will use the camera to examine your large intestine and colon to look for abnormalities like polyps. They may take small tissue samples to be sent to the lab to test.
Polyps are common in adults and are often harmless. However, because colon cancer often begins as a polyp, your doctor may choose to remove some polyps early to prevent any possible cancer.
After your procedure, you will be sent to a recovery area where you will be monitored as you wake up from anesthesia. You may feel cramping or bloating in your abdomen for the first few hours following the procedure.
Your care team will give you or your loved one care instructions for after the procedure. You will not be able to drive following the procedure so you will need to plan for a friend or family member to drive you home after you are discharged. Most people are able to return to normal activities by the next day.
Virtual colonoscopy (CT colonography)
This screening uses a CT scan showing cross-section images of abdominal organs to find changes or abnormalities in the colon and rectum. A virtual colonoscopy takes about 10 minutesand is typically performed every 5 years.
A virtual colonoscopy doesn't need sedation or a scope inside the colon. It does require complete cleaning of the bowel, as well as diet and medication adjustments beforehand. Because tissue samples cannot be taken, a follow-up colonoscopy may be needed.
Stool DNA test
Stool DNA tests, like Cologuard, use a sample of your stool to look for DNA changes in cells that might indicate the presence of colon cancer or precancerous conditions. To perform the test, you collect a stool sample at home and send it to a laboratory for testing. This test is usually done every 3 years.
However, this test is less sensitive than colonoscopy at detecting precancerous polyps, so if abnormalities are found, additional tests may be needed.
Fecal occult blood test or fecal immunochemical test
Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are lab tests that look for hidden (occult) blood in your stool and are repeated every year.
These tests are not able to detect some polyps and cancers. Before the tests, certain foods and medications may have to be avoided for several days. More tests may be needed if occult blood is detected.
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To make an appointment, please call 800-789-7366 or request a callback.