Hernia

A hernia is a weak area in the muscles of your abdomen or groin where tissue or part of an internal organ, like your intestine, pushes through and causes a bulge. There are several types of hernias that can develop in different areas of your body. They can often be successfully repaired with surgery.

Penn Medicine’s specialists are among the most experienced in the nation at diagnosing hernias and performing hernia repairs. Treatment options include minimally invasive procedures and advanced techniques that help speed your recovery. With Penn Hernia Center locations across Pennsylvania and New Jersey, we provide care that can help you return to the activities that matter to you.

Hernias are classified based on where they develop. Common types include:

• Inguinal hernia, located in the groin and accounting for 75% of all hernias
• Femoral hernia, a bulge in the upper thigh
• Hiatal hernia, when the stomach pushes through the body’s diaphragm
• Umbilical hernia, at the belly button
• Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, a rare birth defect in which there is an opening in the diaphragm
• Incisional hernia, developing at the site of a surgical scar
• Other abdominal hernias, including ventral (front abdominal wall), epigastric (above the belly button) and perineal (pelvic floor into abdomen)

Your symptoms may vary depending on the type of hernia you have. In general, hernias cause a lump or bulge that may be easier to see when you stand, cough, or laugh. Hernias can cause pain that may feel like aching, pinching, or pressure.

Some people are born with a weakness in their muscles that makes them more prone to getting a hernia. A hernia can also develop over time due to pressure on the muscles in the belly or groin. Lifting heavy objects, straining when constipated, or overusing your muscles can cause a hernia. Sometimes the exact cause isn’t clear.

Your doctor can diagnose a hernia by doing a physical exam and checking for a bump or bulge. Imaging tests may also help diagnose a hernia.

Hernias are treated with surgery. During hernia repair surgery, your surgeon can push the tissue back into place and close the hole in your muscles. Small hernias that don’t cause symptoms may not need immediate treatment.

You can lower your risk of a hernia by putting less strain on your muscles. Avoid constipation by eating high-fiber foods, aim for a healthy weight, be careful not to strain when lifting heavy objects, and quit smoking because it causes a cough.

Penn Medicine’s hernia experts can repair any type of hernia, from routine to complex cases. We have specialists from across several disciplines who may be part of your care, including gastrointestinal surgeons, plastic surgeons, nurses, and physical therapists. Our expertise means you receive exceptional care at every stage, including diagnosis, treatment, and recovery.