Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic hormonal disorder that affects 7 to 8 percent of U.S. women during their reproductive years. It is one of the leading causes of female infertility.
Women with PCOS have many small cysts or fluid-filled sacs in their ovaries. These cysts are associated with poor ovarian function, irregular menstrual cycles and the production of excessive androgens or “male” hormones.
PCOS Symptoms
Unfortunately, PCOS often goes undiagnosed because of its varied and seemingly unrelated symptoms. Women may have few or many symptoms that can range from mild to severe. PCOS should be diagnosed by a specialist who will review health history, physical examination, blood tests and pelvic ultrasound.
Some common PCOS symptoms include:
- Irregular or no menstrual cycles
- Acne and skin tags
- Excessive hair growth or “hirsutism”
- Infertility
- Inability to ovulate
- Elevated androgen level (male hormone)
- Weight gain or obesity
- Asymptomatic ovarian cysts
- Insulin resistance/diabetes
- Depression
- High blood pressure
- Male pattern baldness or thinning hair
Women with PCOS are at a higher risk for diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, depression, cardiovascular disease, and miscarriage. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, however, in some cases the syndrome may have a genetic component. A number of symptoms and complications associated with PCOS improve with weight loss. Treatment for the condition is dependent upon a patient’s symptoms, needs and if she wishes to become pregnant.
Managing PCOS
Currently, there is no cure for PCOS. However, early diagnosis and intervention through medical testing and treatment will help control PCOS symptoms. For women who would like to conceive, weight loss and fertility drug therapy may induce ovulation. For all women with PCOS, lifestyle changes including regular exercise, a healthy diet and weight control will help prevent serious long-term health risks.
The Penn PCOS Center
The Penn PCOS Center has a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Our program focuses on accurate diagnosis and offers specialized services and therapies to assist women in managing their PCOS symptoms and related health conditions. As part of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, patients have access to a variety of services including:
- Hormonal treatment
- Fertility treatment
- Weight management
- Nutrition services
- Lipid management
- Dermatology/Laser hair removal
Because PCOS can impact other health conditions, the center works in conjunction with a variety of Penn programs including cardiology, endocrinology, psychology and dermatology to name a few.
Led by Anuja Dokras, MD, PhD, a fertility specialist at Penn Fertility Care, the Penn PCOS Center takes a team approach to provide individualized care. Dr. Dokras states, “We understand that no two cases of PCOS are exactly alike and we work closely with each patient to determine the best treatment plan.”
Clinical Trials
Dr. Dokras states, “While patients can enjoy the benefits of a multidisciplinary center, many are also eager to participate in clinical trials in hopes that the information gained will lead to better PCOS therapies or a cure.” The Center plays a major role in advancing PCOS research and conducts clinical trials to establish new and effective ways to treat the condition.
For more information about Penn’s Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Center call 800-789-PENN.
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