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Definition:
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The Donath-Landsteiner test is a blood test to detect harmful antibodies related to a rare disorder called paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. The antibodies form and destroy red blood cells when the body is exposed to cold temperatures.
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Alternative Names:
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Anti-P antibody
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How the test is performed:
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A blood sample is needed. For information on how this is done, see: Venipuncture
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How to prepare for the test:
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No special preparation is needed.
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How the test will feel:
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When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
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Why the test is performed:
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This test is done to confirm a diagnosis of paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria.
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Normal Values:
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The test is considered normal if no Donath-Landsteiner antibodies are present.
Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
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What abnormal results mean:
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Abnormal results mean Donath-Landsteiner antibodies are present. This is a sign of paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria.
See: Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
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What the risks are:
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There is very little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.
Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling light-headed
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
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References:
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Schwartz RS. Autoimmune and intravascular hemolytic anemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 163.
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