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Definition:
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Hemoglobin C disease is a blood disorder passed down through families. It leads to a type of anemia, which occurs when red blood cells break down earlier than normal.
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Alternative Names:
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Clinical hemoglobin C
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Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
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Hemoglobin C is an abnormal type of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. It is a type of hemoglobinopathy. The disease is caused by problem with a gene called beta globin.
The disease most often occurs in African Americans. You are more likely to have hemoglobin C disease if someone in your family has had it.
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Symptoms:
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Most people do not have symptoms. Occasionally, jaundice may occur. Some persons with this disease may develop gallstones that require treatment.
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Signs and tests:
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Physical examination may show an enlarged spleen.
Tests that may be done include:
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Treatment:
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Usually no treatment is needed. Folic acid supplementation may help your body produce normal red blood cells and improve the symptoms of the anemia.
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Expectations (prognosis):
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People with hemoglobin C disease can expect to lead a normal life.
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Complications:
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Complications include anemia, gall bladder disease, and enlargement of the spleen.
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Calling your health care provider:
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Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of hemoglobin C disease.
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Prevention:
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Genetic counseling may be appropriate for high-risk couples who wish to have a baby.
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References:
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Steinberg MH. Sickle cell disease and associated hemoglobinopathies. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 166.
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