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Definition:
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Viral arthritis is swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the joints from a viral infection.
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Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
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Arthritis may be a symptom of many virus-related illnesses. It usually disappears on its own without any lasting effects.
It may occur with:
It may also occur after immunization with the rubella vaccine. This is a common form of childhood joint discomfort.
While many people are infected with these viruses or receive the rubella vaccine, only a few people develop arthritis. No risk factors have been established.
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Signs and tests:
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A physical examination shows joint inflammation. A blood test (serology) for viruses may be performed. In some cases, a small amount of fluid may be removed from the affected joint to determine the cause of the inflammation.
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Treatment:
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Your doctor may prescribe pain medicines to relieve discomfort. You doctor may also prescribe antiviral or anti-inflammatory medications.
If joint inflammation is severe, aspiration of fluid from the affected joint may relieve pain.
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Expectations (prognosis):
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The outcome is usually good. Most viral arthritis disappears within several days or weeks when the virus-related disease goes away.
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Complications:
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There are usually no complications.
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Calling your health care provider:
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Call for an appointment with your health care provider if arthritis symptoms last longer than a few weeks.
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Prevention:
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There is no known way to prevent viral arthritis.
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References:
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Espinoza LR. Infections of bursae, joints, and bones. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 293.
Ohl CA. Infectious arthritis of native joints. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2009:chap 102.
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